The republican ideal of the post-presidency : Washington, Adams, and Jefferson -- From the republican to the democratic ideal of the post-presidency : Madison, Monroe, and Quincy Adams -- Former presidents as partisan politicians : Jackson, Van Buren, and Tyler -- Doughface former presidents : Fillmore, Pierce, and Buchanan -- Former presidents in an age of transition : Johnson and Grant -- Former presidents and the emergent modern presidency : Hayes, Cleveland I, and Harrison -- The post-presidency and the modern presidency : Cleveland II and Roosevelt -- Former presidents as symbols of an era : Taft, Wilson, and Coolidge -- The modern post-presidency : Hoover -- The office of ex-president : Truman -- The limits of the office of ex-president : Eisenhower and Johnson -- The mass marketing of the post-presidency : Nixon and Ford -- Citizen/politician of the world : Carter, Reagan -- Epilogue : Bush and Clinton